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جمعه 29 خرداد 1394برچسب:, :: 17:35 :: نويسنده : شمیلا سیامکی
Moringa, native to parts of Africa and Asia, is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Moringaceae. The name is derived from murungai/muringa, the Tamil/Malayalam word for drumstick. It contains 13 species from tropical and subtropical climates that range in size from tiny herbs to massive trees.
The most widely cultivated species is Moringa oleifera, a multipurpose tree native to the foothills of the Himalayas in northwestern India[4] and cultivated throughout the tropics.[5] M. stenopetala, an African species, is also widely grown, but to a much lesser extent than M. oleifera.
Moringa species grow quickly in many types of environments.
Contents
• 1 Nutritional content
• 2 Farming worldwide
• 3 Biodiesel
• 4 List of species
• 5 References
• 6 External links
Nutritional content
Much of the plant is edible by humans or by farm animals. The leaves are rich in protein, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, and minerals.[5] A 100-g portion of fresh moringa leaves has 9.3 g protein, 434 mg calcium, 404 mg potassium, 738 μg vitamin A, and 164 mg vitamin C.[6]
Feeding the high-protein leaves to cattle has been shown to increase weight gain by up to 32% and milk production by 43 to 65%.[7] The seeds contain 30 to 40% oil that is high in oleic acid, while degreased meal is 61% protein.[8] The defatted meal is a flocculant and can be used in water purification to settle out sediments and undesirable organisms.[9]
Farming worldwide
Moringa cultivation is on the rise in Honduras and all across South America. Claims are made that it is a profitable means of combating deforestation, but Moringa species are not native to the forests of the New World. As of 2012, support for Moringa farmers is being offered by the Honduran federal government through the Secretary of Agriculture and by private foreign investment firms. The plant's market potential is widespread given its easy growth and high nutrient content. As described below, the plant is valued for its leaves and high-protein seeds. It can also be made into defatted meal. M. oleifera silviculture is being promoted as a means to combat poverty and malnutrition.[7]
M. oleifera is being cultivated in poverty-stricken nations, such as Niger, as a primary source of food and nutrients,[10] and a source of income through sales due to widespread and global marketability.[11]
In Haiti, moringa is planted as a windbreak and to reduce soil erosion. The trees provide many products from oil to soil amendments (fertilizers) and tisanes made from the leaves.
In Mexico, Reserva Las Estacas, in Morelos, includes the cultivation of moringa.[12][13]
Biodiesel
Moringa is considered a potential oilseed feedstock for biodiesel.[14] Its main advantage is that biofuel produced from it is not in direct competition with food, as the plant produces both biofuel feedstock (seeds) and food (leaves) independently.[14] Moringa seeds contain 30 to 40% oil that is high in oleic acid.[14] Its biodiesel has better oxidative stability than biodiesel made from most other feedstocks.[14] Leaves and seeds can be harvested from mature trees without damaging them.
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